ALPHARABİUS (With Turkish name FARABİ) 8. 13. a famous philosopher who lived during the centuries between the Golden Age of Islam, and scientist. At the same time, astronomer, logicians, and musician.Comments and Reviews, thanks to Al-Farabi among medieval Muslim intellectuals master-hace you or I-I (second Master / Magister secundus) is known as. Hace-I evvel (the first Master / Magister Primus) Aristotle.[5] Al-Farabi, al-kindi's life, such as that of the predecessor, very little is known. Baghdad, Aleppo, and Egypt resides in his Hamdan an important part of life in Aleppo is supported by a Shiite dynasty known.Ethnic identity is controversial. According to some sources of Fars according to some, are of Turkish origin. However, Al-Farabi, wrote all his works in Arabic. Al-Farabi the basic works of Aristotle into Arabic, and turned again many of these works he wrote a commentary that allows for a better understanding of. In this sense, it also provided an understanding of ancient philosophy in the Islamic world, and Arabic become the language of philosophy has made a great contribution In addition to this large contribution of Farabi, Ibn khaldun the main reason for the adoption is a second master, according to his logic, his work in the field.Al-Farabi, Aristotle's 6-volume book containing all the sections of organon basic logic by adding two more chapters and wrote translations and commentaries Book 8 organon pulled out. Logic expressions, that is used to refer to him outside of language and knowledge associated with Farabi logic, philosophy of language and epistemology are seen to stand in the way intense. Other workspace Farabi, philosophy of nature, metaphysics and psychology. In the opinion of the world based in the understanding of the nature of the period Batlamyuscu is suitable. Al-Farabi's theory is based on the origin of neoplatoncu and Ishmael is developed by. This understanding, then, Ibn-I Sina was developed by. Al-Farabi attributed to the number of books between 100 and 160. WORKS Numerous works of Farabi and introduction to texts in the works of the great philosophers of the nature of explanation. Farabi and Greek philosophy was translated into Arabic from the Book of numerous other languages before, although it was inadequate translations, and the translation didn't fully understand the contents of their translation are also those who do. For example, Ibn-I Sina, the metaphysics of Aristotle (maba'd-et-tabia) but to understand it read 40 times full-Farabi when he lost hope when I read his work in this area tells you how much you can understand.Most of the artwork is related to the philosophy of language and logic of Farabi. Ibn khaldun, therefore, essentially important studies in the field of logic in the sense of Farabi, the second teacher to master-I was awarded the title indicates.Outside of that, political philosophy, philosophy of religion, which is seen as a branch of political philosophy, metaphysics, music, wrote important works in fields such as psychology. THE PROBLEM OF THE ORIGIN OF ETHICS ACCORDING TO ARISTOTLE AND AL-FARABI The problem of the origin of ethics implies the investigations about the source of the principle criteron to judge things as "good" or "bad". The philosophers throughout history provided answers such as pleasure, nature, emotion, intuition, society, God/divine revelation and reason to this question. Aristotle (384-322 BC) provided a solution to the problem on the basis of reason. Muslim philosopher Al-Farabi (872-950 CE), who was familiar with the works of Aristotle, adopted his philosophy, while developing his many ideas provided a solution uniting reason with divine revelation. The present study aims to reconstruct a comparative account of the answers given by the two philosophers to the problem of the origin of ethics through a paradigm consisted of theoretical reason, practical reason and political and religious authority. In our reconstruction, we first elaborated on the theoretical reason as the foundation of general moral principles and statements; and we then elaborated on the practical reason as the source that transforms the general moral principles provided by the theoretical reason into individual statements. We also discussed the significance of political and religious authority as the source of morality for individuals who lack competence in using theoretical and practical reason. MIND IN TERMS OF THE PROBLEM OF THE ORIGIN OF MORALITY-ETHICS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN Aristotle, every, they did, and from observations of the action the Aspire a good, "best" and they did investigate it reached the head concept (arkhitektonik-ἀρχιτεκτονικη) vasiflandirdig give up as the goal of the Science of city management'. The aim of "good" with this, "good" and "bad" behavior and temperament that can be called (ethos-ἔθος) by detecting the moral thing (ethikos-ηθικος) identify gaye is committed. The classification of Sciences, Ethics in research of Farabi, philosopher al'l longer-marital said; volitional verbs, character and temperament are investigating, it should be how they are, what discipline reveals that true happiness is located within. Al-Farabi, according to civil of two parts and the first part of today's "morality" in the study of virtue, we refer to an individual with some cover. Again, this is the first part, the nature of true happiness, the morality of good and evil, virtue and erdemsizlik the subject acquires. Virtuous a virtuous society and the other society the management of investigates. Aristotle and Al-Farabi presented to the problem of the origin of morality in answer, the ground of the concept of mind built on experience and politics was completed. According to both philosophers, the mind is the source of the moral premise, and are able to access the human mind with the knowledge of good and evil. Therefore, this chapter will first, according to both philosophers, the concept of mind, nature, and the existence of the human soul in the realm of the mind do not take place in your mind as the source of morality then moral action that is based and how the mind will try to put the function in. ARISTOTLE AND AL-FARABI IN THE CONCEPT OF MIND Aristotle and Al-Farabi in the concept of mind as a whole in order to understand the concept of being of both worlds: ontological position, it is necessary to show the position in both human souls specifically. Therefore, let us try to put the concept of mind in this context. MIND, AS THE SOURCE OF THE MORALITY UNDERPINNING Aristotle and Al-Farabi in the process of reasoning about what is the source of ethics, consists of a succession of similar propositions. The underpinning of both philosophers also the source of morality, the ultimate goal of mankind, with reference to that goal down, by the development of a deductive argument is concerned. The purpose of mankind "happiness" Aristotle and Farabi as it determines, therefore, the argument based on the source of morality is the first step before we have to accept, "happiness is the ultimate goal of mankind" temellendirmey which is aimed at "self-sufficiency argument establishes. In the next step, Aristotle, in the literature "ergon argument" is known as and discussed various aspects with temellendirmes indicate that the source of morality. While it is not exactly uncommon in Farabi ergon argument similar to we see that ground has been made. In this context, self-sufficiency and ergon before you can see the detail of the argument, both philosophers approaches the problem of the origin of morality, and the source of morality grounded the reasoning you followed the steps in the propositional case, let me clarify this by the show: So what is the source of morality is determined by what is good and bad? (1) everything in the world has a purpose. (2) therefore, good and bad, is determined according to the purpose of what life is about. Aim that thing that leads to "good", "bad" is treated as. Well, what is the purpose of mankind? (3) The ultimate goal of a person is happiness. Why is happiness the ultimate goal of the people? (4) because happiness is "self-sufficient" is something that is. [SELF-SUFFICIENCY ARGUMENT] But what is happiness? (5) everything, which is their objective "characteristic"(ergon) and that thing is happiness. [THE ERGON ARGUMENT] What is the characteristic of people then? (6) characteristic of a person that lasts the life of the work is reasonable. To do this, How is this possible? (7) that belong to the human soul with the strength of thinking can have a reasonable life. (8) in that case, the mind is the source of morality. Obviously the argument that everything in the universe has a purpose on based. At the same time, humankind is, therefore, that the purpose of his actions will mean. Associate with such a goal in ethics, moral theory is teleological to say that the approach of philosophers in terms of both enables. Aristotle and Al-Farabi, from the desire of every person because of their own actions a good,but ultimately, all these good acts he mentions that there should be something Aspire too. More discussion on the ultimate purpose of the two without question, the philosopher, the majority of people agree that happiness is the purpose of this shall not have accepted that. Why almost everyone would agree that happiness should be the ultimate goal? The alliance between the people property, which carries what is happiness? At this point, both the philosopher of self-sufficiency, the concept raises. REFERENCES Abed, Shukri B. Aristotelian Logic and the Arabic Language in AlFârâbî. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991. el-Câbirî, Muhammed Âbid. Arap-İslâm Kültürünün Akıl Yapısı: Arap-İslâm Kültüründeki Bilgi Sistemlerinin Eleştirel Bir Analizi. Burhan KöroğluHasan Hacak-Ekrem Demirli (çev.). 3. Basım. İstanbul: Kitabevi, 2001. PREPARED BY ALİ AKTAŞ
8. 13. a famous philosopher who lived during the centuries between the Golden Age of Islam, and scientist. At the same time, astronomer, logicians, and musician.Comments and Reviews, thanks to Al-Farabi among medieval Muslim intellectuals master-hace you or I-I (second Master / Magister secundus) is known as. Hace-I evvel (the first Master / Magister Primus) Aristotle.[5] Al-Farabi, al-kindi's life, such as that of the predecessor, very little is known. Baghdad, Aleppo, and Egypt resides in his Hamdan an important part of life in Aleppo is supported by a Shiite dynasty known.Ethnic identity is controversial. According to some sources of Fars according to some, are of Turkish origin. However, Al-Farabi, wrote all his works in Arabic. Al-Farabi the basic works of Aristotle into Arabic, and turned again many of these works he wrote a commentary that allows for a better understanding of. In this sense, it also provided an understanding of ancient philosophy in the Islamic world, and Arabic become the language of philosophy has made a great contribution
In addition to this large contribution of Farabi, Ibn khaldun the main reason for the adoption is a second master, according to his logic, his work in the field.Al-Farabi, Aristotle's 6-volume book containing all the sections of organon basic logic by adding two more chapters and wrote translations and commentaries Book 8 organon pulled out. Logic expressions, that is used to refer to him outside of language and knowledge associated with Farabi logic, philosophy of language and epistemology are seen to stand in the way intense. Other workspace Farabi, philosophy of nature, metaphysics and psychology. In the opinion of the world based in the understanding of the nature of the period Batlamyuscu is suitable. Al-Farabi's theory is based on the origin of neoplatoncu and Ishmael is developed by. This understanding, then, Ibn-I Sina was developed by. Al-Farabi attributed to the number of books between 100 and 160.
WORKS
Numerous works of Farabi and introduction to texts in the works of the great philosophers of the nature of explanation. Farabi and Greek philosophy was translated into Arabic from the Book of numerous other languages before, although it was inadequate translations, and the translation didn't fully understand the contents of their translation are also those who do. For example, Ibn-I Sina, the metaphysics of Aristotle (maba'd-et-tabia) but to understand it read 40 times full-Farabi when he lost hope when I read his work in this area tells you how much you can understand.Most of the artwork is related to the philosophy of language and logic of Farabi. Ibn khaldun, therefore, essentially important studies in the field of logic in the sense of Farabi, the second teacher to master-I was awarded the title indicates.Outside of that, political philosophy, philosophy of religion, which is seen as a branch of political philosophy, metaphysics, music, wrote important works in fields such as psychology.
THE PROBLEM OF THE ORIGIN OF ETHICS ACCORDING TO ARISTOTLE AND AL-FARABI
The problem of the origin of ethics implies the investigations about the source of the principle criteron to judge things as "good" or "bad". The philosophers throughout history provided answers such as pleasure, nature, emotion, intuition, society, God/divine revelation and reason to this question. Aristotle (384-322 BC) provided a solution to the problem on the basis of reason. Muslim philosopher Al-Farabi (872-950 CE), who was familiar with the works of Aristotle, adopted his philosophy, while developing his many ideas provided a solution uniting reason with divine revelation. The present study aims to reconstruct a comparative account of the answers given by the two philosophers to the problem of the origin of ethics through a paradigm consisted of theoretical reason, practical reason and political and religious authority. In our reconstruction, we first elaborated on the theoretical reason as the foundation of general moral principles and statements; and we then elaborated on the practical reason as the source that transforms the general moral principles provided by the theoretical reason into individual statements. We also discussed the significance of political and religious authority as the source of morality for individuals who lack competence in using theoretical and practical reason.
MIND IN TERMS OF THE PROBLEM OF THE ORIGIN OF MORALITY-ETHICS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
Aristotle, every, they did, and from observations of the action the Aspire a good, "best" and they did investigate it reached the head concept (arkhitektonik-ἀρχιτεκτονικη) vasiflandirdig give up as the goal of the Science of city management'. The aim of "good" with this, "good" and "bad" behavior and temperament that can be called (ethos-ἔθος) by detecting the moral thing (ethikos-ηθικος) identify gaye is committed. The classification of Sciences, Ethics in research of Farabi, philosopher al'l longer-marital said; volitional verbs, character and temperament are investigating, it should be how they are, what discipline reveals that true happiness is located within. Al-Farabi, according to civil of two parts and the first part of today's "morality" in the study of virtue, we refer to an individual with some cover. Again, this is the first part, the nature of true happiness, the morality of good and evil, virtue and erdemsizlik the subject acquires. Virtuous a virtuous society and the other society the management of investigates.
Aristotle and Al-Farabi presented to the problem of the origin of morality in answer, the ground of the concept of mind built on experience and politics was completed. According to both philosophers, the mind is the source of the moral premise, and are able to access the human mind with the knowledge of good and evil. Therefore, this chapter will first, according to both philosophers, the concept of mind, nature, and the existence of the human soul in the realm of the mind do not take place in your mind as the source of morality then moral action that is based and how the mind will try to put the function in.
ARISTOTLE AND AL-FARABI IN THE CONCEPT OF MIND
Aristotle and Al-Farabi in the concept of mind as a whole in order to understand the concept of being of both worlds: ontological position, it is necessary to show the position in both human souls specifically. Therefore, let us try to put the concept of mind in this context.
MIND, AS THE SOURCE OF THE MORALITY UNDERPINNING
Aristotle and Al-Farabi in the process of reasoning about what is the source of ethics, consists of a succession of similar propositions. The underpinning of both philosophers also the source of morality, the ultimate goal of mankind, with reference to that goal down, by the development of a deductive argument is concerned. The purpose of mankind "happiness" Aristotle and Farabi as it determines, therefore, the argument based on the source of morality is the first step before we have to accept, "happiness is the ultimate goal of mankind" temellendirmey which is aimed at "self-sufficiency argument establishes. In the next step, Aristotle, in the literature "ergon argument" is known as and discussed various aspects with temellendirmes indicate that the source of morality. While it is not exactly uncommon in Farabi ergon argument similar to
we see that ground has been made. In this context, self-sufficiency and ergon before you can see the detail of the argument, both philosophers approaches the problem of the origin of morality, and the source of morality grounded the reasoning you followed the steps in the propositional case, let me clarify this by the show:
So what is the source of morality is determined by what is good and bad?
(1) everything in the world has a purpose.
(2) therefore, good and bad, is determined according to the purpose of what life is about. Aim that thing that leads to "good", "bad" is treated as.
Well, what is the purpose of mankind?
(3) The ultimate goal of a person is happiness.
Why is happiness the ultimate goal of the people?
(4) because happiness is "self-sufficient" is something that is. [SELF-SUFFICIENCY ARGUMENT]
But what is happiness?
(5) everything, which is their objective "characteristic"(ergon) and that thing is happiness. [THE ERGON ARGUMENT]
What is the characteristic of people then?
(6) characteristic of a person that lasts the life of the work is reasonable.
To do this, How is this possible?
(7) that belong to the human soul with the strength of thinking can have a reasonable life.
(8) in that case, the mind is the source of morality.
Obviously the argument that everything in the universe has a purpose on
based. At the same time, humankind is, therefore, that the purpose of his actions will mean. Associate with such a goal in ethics, moral theory is teleological to say that the approach of philosophers in terms of both enables. Aristotle and Al-Farabi, from the desire of every person because of their own actions a good,but ultimately, all these good acts he mentions that there should be something Aspire too. More discussion on the ultimate purpose of the two without question, the philosopher, the majority of people agree that happiness is the purpose of this shall not have accepted that. Why almost everyone would agree that happiness should be the ultimate goal? The alliance between the people property, which carries what is happiness? At this point, both the philosopher of self-sufficiency, the concept raises.
REFERENCES
Abed, Shukri B. Aristotelian Logic and the Arabic Language in AlFârâbî. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991.
el-Câbirî, Muhammed Âbid. Arap-İslâm Kültürünün Akıl Yapısı: Arap-İslâm Kültüründeki Bilgi Sistemlerinin Eleştirel Bir Analizi. Burhan KöroğluHasan Hacak-Ekrem Demirli (çev.). 3. Basım. İstanbul: Kitabevi, 2001.
PREPARED BY ALİ AKTAŞ